Showing 31 results for Ms
Behnaz Vanaky, Nader Shakeri, Hojat Allah Nikbakht, Parvin Farzanegi,
Volume 12, Issue 3 (5-2018)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Background and Objectives: Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers among women. Cardiovascular disease is one of the most important complications of breast cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of six weeks of swimming on malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels in the heart tissue of mice with breast cancer.
Method: Breast cancer was induced in 30 female Balb/c mice (6-8 weeks old, weighing 150-200 g) by tumor transplantation. The tumor site was examined every day for the formation or absence of tumor. After becoming familiar with the laboratory environment and swimming pool, the subjects were randomly divided into three equal groups: 1. healthy control, 2. cancer control, and 3. swimming-cancer. The swimming group performed swimming training 60 minutes/day, five days a week, for six weeks. After the intervention, the levels of SOD and MDA in the heart tissue samples were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Data were analyzed in SPSS (version 16) using independent t-test at significance of 0.05
.
Results: The results showed that induction of breast cancer was accompanied by a significant increase in MDA and a significant decrease in SOD in the heart tissue of mice. Participation in the six-week swimming significantly reversed these effects
.
Conclusion: Swimming could have beneficial effects in improving oxidative factors in breast cancer patients.
Keywords:
Breast Neoplasms, Heart, Malondialdehyde, Superoxide Dismutase, Swimming.
Hamid Asadzadeh Aghdaei , Zahra Pezeshkian, Meghdad Abdollahpour-Alitappeh , Ehsan Nazemalhosseini Mojarad , Mohammad Reza Zali,
Volume 12, Issue 4 (7-2018)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Colorectal cancer remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Most colorectal cancers begin as a growth of tissue called a polyp, some types of which can change into cancer over the course of several years. Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels, is known to play a key role in the initiation, growth and progression of polyp and colorectal cancer. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms involved in colorectal cancer and polyp angiogenesis.
Keywords: Colorectal Neoplasms, Polyps, Angiogenesis
Manickam Tamil Selvi , Srinivas Ankanagari,
Volume 13, Issue 1 (1-2019)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Background and Objectives: Implementing quality management system (QMS) in medical laboratories improves quality of procedures and enhances the staff’s skill development. It prevents frequent inaccuracies in both clinical and laboratory procedures caused by lack of regulatory compliance, safety precautions and inadequate facilities. The purpose of this study is to evaluate effect of implementing QMS based on essential standards NABH (MLP) and NABL (ISO 15189:2012) in a medical laboratory on quality of services.
Methods: Important quality indicators such as external quality assurance services (EQAS), rework, turnaround time (TAT) and feedback were monitored for four months, following implementing the QMS standards in a medical laboratory.
Results: We found that implementation of the QMS program improved the tested indicators of quality. Overall percentage of rework reduced significantly.
Conclusion: Implementation of QMS improves overall quality of laboratory procedures. It significantly reduces laboratory errors and progressively improves quality, efficiency, and outcomes, thus enabling delivery of timely and accurate services for patients.
Keywords: ISO 15189, Quality Assurance, Quality Improvement, Accreditation, Clinical Chemistry, India.
Mohsen Mousavi , Behrooz Johari , Jamil Zargan , Ashkan Haji Noor Mohammadi , Hamid Reza Goudarzi , Saeed Dezianian , Hani Keshavarz Alikhani ,
Volume 13, Issue 3 (5-2019)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Background and Objectives: Nowadays, infections with antibiotic-resistant bacteria are among the most important causes of mortality worldwide. This has attracted the attention of researchers to seek suitable alternatives for antibiotics. The venom of many toxic species such as arthropods has antibacterial properties. In this study, we investigated antibacterial effects of crude venom of Latrodectus dahli on Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus subtilis.
Methods: Lyophilized crude venom of L. dahli was dissolved in 50 mM Tris-HCl buffer. Protein concentration was determined by the Bradford assay. Then, the bacteria were exposed to different concentrations (31.25-250 ng/mL) of the crude venom. Inhibitory activity of the venom against the bacteria was determined by MTT assay and determining minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC).
Results: Results of the MTT assay showed that the crude venom significantly inhibited the growth of E. coli (31.25 and 62.5 ng/mL), S. aureus (at 250 ng/mL) and B. subtilis (at 125 and 250 ng/mL). In the MIC experiment, the crude venom significantly inhibited the growth of E. coli (at concentrations of 31.25 and 62.5ng/mL), S. aureus (at concentrations of 31.25-250 ng/mL) and B. subtilis (at concentrations of 31.25-250ng/mL).
Conclusion: The crude venom of L. dahli and its components showed relatively strong antibacterial effects.
Keywords: Spider venoms, Black Widow Spider, Antibacterial agent, Drug-resistance.
Abolfazl Khandandel , Hami Kaboosi , Ailar Jamalli , Fatemeh Peyravii Ghadikolaii ,
Volume 13, Issue 4 (7-2019)
Abstract
Background and Objectives:
Staphylococcus aureus is a common cause of nosocomial infections. The ability of
S. aureus to form biofilm and acquire antimicrobial resistance has made this organism a major health problem. In this study, we investigate the biofilm-forming ability of
S. aureus isolates from clinical samples.
Methods: Sixty
S. aureus isolates from clinical specimens were collected from the 5th Azar Hospital of Gorgan (Iran) in 2018. The isolates were identified using conventional methods including Gram staining and biochemical tests (catalase and coagulase). Biofilm formation by
S. aureus isolates was evaluated using a microplate-based method.
Results: Of 60
S. aureus isolates, 47 (78.3%) strains were identified as biofilm-forming and 13 (21.7%) strains were non-biofilm-forming.
Conclusion: The high prevalence of biofilm-producing
S. aureus isolates in the 5
th Azar hospital of Gorgan could pose a major health challenge with serious consequences for hospitalized patients. Therefore, it is crucial to disinfect and sterilize hospital surfaces and equipment effectively to minimize the risk of contamination and spread of bacteria in the hospital settings.
Keywords: Biofilms,
Staphylococcus aureus, sample.
Mr Sharafudeen Dahiru Abubakar,
Volume 13, Issue 6 (11-2019)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Spectral karyotyping is a novel method for the simultaneous visualization of the entire chromosomes of an organism by painting the chromosomes using a combination of fluorochromes. This allows improved identification of chromosomal aberrations that cannot be identified by conventional banding methods. Since introduction of cancer as a disease of the genome, researchers have employed various molecular techniques for a better understanding of malignancies. This review discusses the role and contributions of spectral karyotyping in the study and characterization of both solid and hematological malignancies.
Keywords: Spectral karyotyping; Neoplasms; Chromosomes.
Samira Oladazimi, Parvin Farzanegi, Mohammad Ali Azarbayejani,
Volume 14, Issue 1 (1-2020)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Background and objectives: Matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) and activin receptor-like kinase 5 (ALK5) are considered as important factors contributing to knee osteoarthritis (OA) pathogenesis. Here, we compared therapeutic effects of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), ozone and exercise training alone and combined on expression of MMP-13 and ALK5 in rats with knee OA.
Methods: Knee OA was induced by a surgical method. Rats with OA were then randomly divided into several groups, including model, MSCs, ozone, exercise, MSCs + ozone, MSCs + exercise, ozone + exercise and MSCs + ozone + exercise groups. Expression of MMP-13 and ALK5 genes was evaluated using RT-PCR. Data were analyzed using SPSS software at significance of 0.05.
Results: Expression of MMP-13 and ALK5 differed significantly between the study groups (P<0.0001). Knee OA was significantly associated with overexpression of MMP-13 and ALK5 in the cartilage tissue of rats with knee OA. Combined therapy with MSCs, ozone and exercise significantly decreased the expression of MMP-13 and ALK5 in the cartilage of rats with OA (P<0.001). Although MSCs, ozone and exercise training were effective to mitigate expression of MMP-13 and ALK5 genes, ozone therapy was more effective compared to the other two therapies.
Conclusion: Although ozone, MSCs and exercise training alone could decrease the expression of MMP-13 and ALK5 genes, combined therapy with MSC, ozone and exercise is more effective.
Keywords: Osteoarthritis, O3, MSCs, exercise, MMP-13, ALK5.
Abdolrasoul Hakim Elahi, Rasoul Sharifi, Minoo Mahmoodi, Seyed Mehrdad Kassaee,
Volume 14, Issue 5 (9-2020)
Abstract
Background and objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of octopine (phytogenic-derivative of arginine) on antioxidant indices, trace elements and lipid profiles of a mouse model of breast cancer.
Methods: In this study, 48 Balb/c mice were divided into six groups: healthy control, cancer control, cancer group receiving 50 mg of octopine, cancer group receiving 100 mg of octopine and cancer group receiving 150 mg of octopine. The octopine treatment was carried out for three weeks. The 4T1 cell line was used to induce cancer. Fasting blood samples were taken from mice to evaluate lipid profile, copper and zinc levels. Malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activity in breast tumor tissues was evaluated. Data were analyzed by SPSS 18 software using one-way ANOVA and t-test.
Results: Octopine had no significant effect on superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activity in the treatment group compared with the control cancer group. However, it significantly increased total antioxidant capacity and decreased malondialdehyde activities. Furthermore, treatment with octopine significantly decreased serum zinc, copper, TG, cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein levels but significantly increased high-density lipoprotein compared with the untreated cancer group.
Conclusion: Octopine administration is effective in reducing some oxidative stress indices and improving trace elements abnormalities and lipid profile in mouse models of breast cancer.
Mohammad Arefi, Abbas Abdollahi, Ayyoob Khosravi, Abdolavahab Moradi, Seyed Hamid Aghaee-Bakhtiari, Naimeh Javid, Mehdi Evazalipour, Anvarsadat Kianmehr,
Volume 15, Issue 2 (3-2021)
Abstract
Background and objectives: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality in the world. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have potential as diagnostic biomarkers for various diseases including cancer. This study was undertaken to investigate expression of miR-21 before and after surgery in patients with hereditary CRC.
Methods: After collecting blood samples from 39 patients and 39 healthy controls, total RNA was extracted by the TRIzol method. Following cDNA synthesis, expression of miR-21 in serum of subjects was evaluated using real-time PCR, along with two reference genes, let-7d and let-7g. The real-time expression results and Ct values were collected and analyzed based on the 2-∆∆ct method.
Results: In spite of tumor removal, serum miR-21 expression levels was significantly higher in hereditary CRC patients compared with controls (P=0.022).
Conclusion: Our results confirmed that samples from hereditary cases of CRC must not be included in experiments on the diagnostic potential of miRNAs.
Boshra Haghi, Marie Saghaeian Jazi, Mahdi Zarie, Ayyoob Khosravi, Mahboubeh Tajaldini, Jahanbakhsh Asadi,
Volume 15, Issue 2 (3-2021)
Abstract
Background and objectives: Docetaxel is a chemotherapeutic agent commonly used for treatment of many cancers, including esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Docetaxel induces G2/M phase cell cycle arrest and ultimately cell death. In this study, we aimed to assess the effects of docetaxel on YM1 cells considering exposure time and dose.
Methods: After calculating the doubling time of YM1 cells, the anti-proliferative effect of different concentrations of docetaxel
() [A1] after 24, 48 and 72 hours was assessed by the standard colorimetric assay. In addition, the effect of docetaxel on cell cycle was evaluated by flow cytometry.
Results: The results showed that docetaxel toxicity was not significant until 24 hours at the tested concentrations (P>0.05). In addition, the effect of docetaxel on the cells was time-dependent at all tested concentrations. Overall, the duration of exposure to docetaxel had more significant role in docetaxel toxicity in YM1 cells compared to concentration.
Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the cytotoxicity of docetaxel on YM1 cells is time-dependent.
[A1]Please write the concentrations
Ahmad Hamta, Maliheh Hosseinpour, Majid Komijani,
Volume 15, Issue 4 (7-2021)
Abstract
Background and objectives: Breast cancer is the leading cause of death in women. Cytokines regulate the intensity and continuity of immune response by balancing cell-mediated immunity and humoral responses. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between two polymorphisms of the interleukin-16 (IL-16) gene and risk of breast cancer.
Methods: Blood samples were collected from 80 breast cancer patients and 80 healthy individuals. Polymorphisms rs11556218 T/G and rs4072111 C/T were investigated by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP-PCR). Then, genotype and allele frequency distributions were evaluated in each group using the SPSS software (version 24).
Results: The frequency of genotype rs11556218 differed significantly between the patients and controls (P=0.007). The TG genotype (odds ratio [OR]= 2.471, 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 1.229-4.965, P= 0.001) and total TG+GG genotypes (OR= 3.095, 95% CI: 1.624-5.899, P= 0.001) had a significant relationship with increased risk for breast cancer. The allele and genotype frequencies of rs4072111 C/T polymorphism did not differ significantly between the patients and controls.
Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the rs11556218 T/G polymorphism of the IL-16 gene may be associated with susceptibility to breast cancer.
Behnoush Khasheii, Pezhman Mahmoodi, Abdolmajid Mohammadzadeh,
Volume 15, Issue 5 (9-2021)
Abstract
Increasing antibiotic resistance is a global health problem. In recent years, due to the indiscriminate use of antibacterial compounds, many bacterial pathogens, including staphylococci, members of the
Enterobacteriaceae family including
Klebsiella pneumoniae and bacteria such as
Pseudomonas aeruginosa and
Acinetobacter baumannii have become multi-drug resistant. Consequently, it is important to explore alternative approaches for eliminating resistant strains. Bacteria synthesize low-weight molecules called siderophores to chelate iron from the environment as a vital element for their growth and survival. One way to deal with resistant bacterial strains is to utilize siderophore-mediated iron uptake pathways as entrance routes for drug delivery. Therefore, the production of drugs with Trojan horse strategy in the form of conjugated siderophore-antibiotic complexes has recently received much attention
for dealing with resistant isolates.
In this review, we discuss the efficacy of siderophore-antibiotic conjugates as a Trojan horse strategy for eliminating drug-resistant pathogens.
Jasmin Mulani, Bhalchandra Murhar, Rajesh Jambhulkar, Gyanshankar Mishra,
Volume 16, Issue 1 (1-2022)
Abstract
Background and objectives: Prolactin is a lactogenic protein hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary that initiates and maintains lactation in mammals. Previous research has linked increased serum prolactin levels to breast cancer. However, there is a paucity of studies in the Indian population on the subject. The present study evaluated and compared serum prolactin levels in patients with breast cancer and patients with benign breast diseases.
Methods: This cross-sectional, comparative study was carried out at the Government Medical College, Nagpur (India) on patients with breast diseases in the out-patient department/in-patient department from June 2018 to November 2020. Breast cancer patients were considered cases, and those with benign breast diseases were considered controls. Breast carcinoma diagnosis was based on clinical features, fine needle aspiration cytology, and tissue histopathology in operated specimens for each patient. Fasting serum prolactin levels were measured by the chemiluminescence immunoassay method using the Advia Centaur immunoassay system.
Results: There were 120 female patients with breast diseases, of whom 60 had breast malignancy, and 60 had benign breast diseases. The mean age of patients with benign breast disease and breast cancer was 33.17 (1.75) and 49.77 (1.16) years, respectively (P<0.0005). Increased serum prolactin levels were observed in 93.3% of patients with breast cancer and 13.3% of patients with benign breast diseases. The mean serum prolactin level was significantly higher among breast cancer patients (102.68±7.03) ng/ml compared with patients with benign breast disease (16.31±1.72 ng/ml). We successfully determined a new cut-off value of serum prolactin level (>40.2 ng/ml) to differentiate breast cancer from benign breast diseases using the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.
Conclusion: Patients with breast cancer have increased serum prolactin levels compared to patients with benign breast diseases. Thus, serum prolactin level can be used as a diagnostic marker for breast cancer. This is particularly beneficial to clinicians for differentiating breast cancer from benign breast diseases.
Apoorva Pandit, Mallegowdanadoddi Siddegowda, Kadalagere Lakshmana Shoba,
Volume 16, Issue 3 (5-2022)
Abstract
Background and objectives: Soft tissue is a non-epithelial extraskeletal tissue of the body. Soft tissue tumors (STTs) are the most commonly diagnosed neoplasms. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is minimally invasive, quick, and a definitive diagnostic modality. Biopsy for histopathology is the gold standard method for diagnosis but is invasive. The aims of this study were to determine the utility of FNAC in the diagnosis of STTs and correlate it with histopathology and to evaluate factors that cause discrepancies between FNAC and histopathology.
Methods: This retrospective, record-based study was done on STTs received for FNAC and histopathology examinations at the Department of Pathology, MIMS, Mandya from January 2018 to June 2021.
Results: A total of 74 cases of FNAC with histopathological correlation were available. Seventy one cases (95.9%) were benign and three (4%) were malignant according to FNAC. Discordance was seen in one case of low grade myxofibrosarcoma, which was diagnosed as benign spindle cell tumor on FNAC. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and accuracy of FNAC in diagnosing malignancy were 75%, 100%, 100%, and 98.6%, respectively.
Conclusion: Our findings indicate that FNAC is beneficial preoperatively as it differentiates between benign and malignant lesions in most cases. In the case of low grade myxofibrosarcoma, bland tumor cells led to a benign diagnosis on FNAC, but histopathology allowed sampling of a larger area of the tumor and the right diagnosis was made. Biopsy is the gold standard, but FNAC has high specificity in diagnosing malignant tumors and prevents unnecessary extensive, radical surgery for benign lesions.
Parisa Zeinali, Marie Saghaeian, Jahanbakhsh Asadi, Seyyed Mehdi Jafari,
Volume 16, Issue 5 (9-2022)
Abstract
Background and objectives: Activation of adenosine A2a receptor has been shown to induce the growth and metastasis of cancer cells. The role of this receptor in esophageal cancer has not yet been determined. The present study aimed to investigate effects of an adenosine A2a receptor antagonist (3, 7-dimethyl-1-propargylxanthine) on growth of esophageal cancer cells.
Methods: Real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed to evaluate mRNA expression of the A2a adenosine receptor in KYSE-30 and YM-1 esophageal cancer cell lines. Effects of the antagonist on viability of the cells were evaluated by MTT assay.
Results: At low concentrations, the antagonist had no effect on cell viability. However, at concentrations ≥200 μM, the antagonist significantly reduced viability of both cell lines (p<0.05).
Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that the adenosine A2a receptor antagonist exerts inhibitory effects on KYSE30 and YM-1 cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner. Therefore, the use of this antagonist can be exploited as a therapeutic target for the treatment of esophageal cancer.
Shuchismita ., Iffat Jamal , Vijayanand Choudhary ,
Volume 18, Issue 1 (1-2024)
Abstract
Plasma cell leukemia (PCL) is a rare form of plasma cell dyscrasia with 2 variants: the primary form, which occurs de novo in patients with no previous history of multiple myeloma (MM), and the secondary form, which represents a leukemic transformation in patients with a previously recognized MM. Unlike myeloma, PCL typically follows an aggressive course, and the median age at presentation is usually above 50 years. In this report, we present a case of primary PCL that manifested at 19, an exceptionally rare occurrence.
Sonakshi Dwivedi, Vaishali Rahangdale, Swati Bhise, Sunanda Zodpey,
Volume 18, Issue 3 (5-2024)
Abstract
Background: Rampant and irrational use of antibiotics led to antimicrobial resistance in intensive care units, directly influencing the clinical outcome. The prior introduction of antibiotics, especially broad-spectrum antibiotics, has been identified as a leading cause of hospital-acquired pneumonia. The present study aims to examine the existing scenario of antibiotic resistance due to multidrug-resistant organisms that are detected in mechanically ventilated patients.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the department of Microbiology of a tertiary care hospital in Central India. A total of 410 endotracheal secretions were collected. The endotracheal aspirate of adult patients admitted to the medicine intensive care unit and on mechanical ventilation was received at the microbiology laboratory for processing by standard bacteriological techniques. Drug susceptibility testing was done using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method according to the indications mentioned in Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute 2021.
Results: Out of 410 collected endotracheal secretion samples, 332 (81 %) samples demonstrated bacterial growth. A total of 265 (80%) cases fulfilled the inclusion criteria. From 265 samples, 92 (34.7 %) patients were clinically and microbiologically confirmed as cases of ventilator-associated pneumonia. Over eighty percent of gram-negative bacilli were multidrug-resistant strains (Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa).
Conclusion: Real understanding of multidrug-resistant pathogens, early isolation as well as avoiding long-term antibiotic intake can reduce mortality levels currently linked with late-onset ventilator-associated pneumonia.
Mahsa Aghaei , Leila Asadpour , Amir Arasteh,
Volume 18, Issue 4 (7-2024)
Abstract
Background: Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most common agents of nosocomial infection worldwide. Methicillin-resistant and biofilm-associated infections of this bacterium have become a clinical concern in patients. This research aimed to identify biofilm-forming ability and accessory gene regulator (Agr) - specific group of clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) in Northern Iran.
Methods: In 2021, a total of 200 clinical isolates were identified as S. aureus by biochemical tests. The disk diffusion method was used to examine the antibiotic resistance of isolates and the microplate method was applied to investigate the biofilm production capability. In addition, the PCR method was used to determine the frequency of biofilm-associated genes and Agr typing of MRSA isolates. P £ 0.05 was considered significant.
Results: Overall, 62.5% of isolates were methicillin-resistant and 75% were multiple antibiotic-resistant. Biofilm-forming ability was detected in 99 (79.2%) methicillin-resistant isolates in which icaA and icaD were found in 85% and 78% of biofilm-producing isolates, respectively. Type 1 of the Agr gene was the most common type among methicillin-resistant isolates. The frequency of biofilm-associated genes showed a significant association with MDR phenotype and the presence of Agr locus (P £ 0.05).
Conclusion: The present findings indicate a high frequency of biofilm and antibacterial resistance in methicillin-resistant S. aureus isolates in Guilan Province. These findings suggest reliable and rapid identification of biofilm-forming MRSA strains to prevent the spread of these bacteria.
Fasahath Jahan Uzma , Shilpa L, Prathima S,
Volume 18, Issue 6 (11-2024)
Abstract
Background: Cervical cancer has seen a significant decline in death rates due to early diagnosis and treatment. The Pap test remains valuable but exhibits limitations, such as false positives and false negatives, with the former associated with atrophy-related changes. This article aims to bring attention to cervical carcinoma screening, focusing on the interpretation of atrophy-related changes in Pap smears and minimizing intervention.
Methods: This retrospective study, conducted at a tertiary care center, evaluated cases with intra-epithelial abnormalities or malignancies in Pap smears.
Results: A total of 11,680 cervical cytology smears received in the Department of Pathology, Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Bengaluru, over 7.5 years (From January 1, 2016, to June 30, 2023), were reviewed. Of these, 56 cases exhibited epithelial abnormalities and were categorized as follows: 1. Atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance, 2. Low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, 3. High-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, and 4. Malignancy. Among the 56 smears, 40 (71%) showed co-existent atrophy. Biopsies were available for 22 smears, and atrophy with epithelial abnormalities co-existed in 16 (28%) of these cases. Of these 16 cases, only eight (50%) were found to have abnormalities greater than Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia II dysplasia. This results in the positive predictive value of cervical cytology smears detecting epithelial abnormalities in cases with co-existing atrophy-related changes being only 50%.
Conclusion: The article emphasizes the importance of cautious interpretation of Pap smears in the presence of atrophy.
Maryam Rezaeian, Laleh Hoveida,
Volume 19, Issue 1 (1-2025)
Abstract
Background: Infections caused by bacteria transmitted from food, including carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), and Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii), are spreading, and this has caused concerns in treatment. This study investigated the frequency of carbapenem resistance genes in Enterobacteriaceae, P. aeruginosa, and A. baumannii, isolated from raw chicken meat.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 100 samples of raw chicken meat were collected from Isfahan. Bacterial contamination was evaluated and confirmed using biomedical tests. Antibiotic sensitivity tests were performed using disc diffusion for Enterobacteriaceae, P. aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter baumannii isolates. The frequency of carbapenem resistance genes (OXA-181, OXA-48, VIM, NDM, IMP, and KPC) was determined through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis.
Results: Out of 100 samples, 70 were positive for bacterial infection, of which 30 were infected with Escherichia coli (E. coli), 14 samples with Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae), 9 samples with Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium), 11 samples with P. aeruginosa, and 6 samples with A. baumannii. The highest levels of antibiotic resistance were estimated to be tetracycline, cotrimoxazole, gentamicin, trimethoprim, and streptomycin, and the lowest levels were azithromycin and rifampin. Among genes encoding resistance to carbapenem, NDM and OXA-48 genes were the most commonly expressed, with a frequency of 60% and 28.24%, respectively.
Conclusion: This study found significant bacterial contamination, especially for Enterobacteriaceae, with notable antibiotic resistance to tetracycline. Carbapenem resistance genes NDM and OXA-48 were prevalent, indicating the urgency of addressing antibiotic resistance.
