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Abstract Background and objectives: Diabetes is a chronic and progressive disease resulting in disability and premature death. The Etiology of diabetes mellitus is complex, but factors such as genetic, immunological and environmental are involved .The aim of this study was to investigate the association between diabetes and blood type. Material and Methods: In this cross - sectional study blood group of 500 patients with diabetes type 2 was determined and compared with the distribution of blood groups in 11,461 healthy people in Ahwaz. Statistical analysis was performed by independent T test, using SPSS Software (version 17) Results: the Patients’ age is between 35 and 80 years. Their Blood groups are A (106 20.3 %) B (144 27.5%) AB (97 18.5%) and O (176 32.7%). One hundred seventy-nine (34.2%) cases are Rh+ and the rest (344 65.8 %) Rh- . Conclusion: Regarding to the distribution of blood group AB and Rh- ,which respectively are 7.3% and 8.4%, the chance of developing diabetes in theses people is higher than that in other people (P<0.05). Hence, they should follow a healthy lifestyle from early years of life to reduce the risk of diabetes. Key words: Diabetes type 2, blood group, risk factors

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 Background: Tahini (sesame paste) is a kind of food obtained from sesame seeds. To our knowledge, this is the first study to measure total antioxidant activity and total phenolic compounds in tahini brands available in Iranian market.
Methods: In this study, 111 tahini samples were collected and purchased from the Iranian Market, including 37 commercial brands (three samples for per brand). The ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) method was used to measure total antioxidant activity in each sample. Total phenol contents were measured by the Folin–Ciocalteau method in tahini brands.
Results: Current study showed Mino-dates brand (119.93 µmol/ml ±0.159), Trang-Chocolate brand (56.30 µmol/ml ±0.056), Barsam-coffee (45.13µmol/ml±0.094), and Chocolate-barsam brand (53.23 µmol/ml ±0.112), respectively, have more total antioxidant activity than other brands (p< 0.001). Moreover, Mino-dates brand (2057.33 µmol/ml ±0.094), barsam-coffee (805.51 µmol/ml ±0.041), Chocolate-barsam brand (807.42 µmol/ml ±0.095), and Trang-Chocolate brand (685.75 µmol/ml ±0.086), respectively, have more total phenolic compounds than other brands (p< 0.001).
Conclusion: According to the results of this study, Tahini brands with higher polyphenol contents antioxidant capacity also had higher antioxidant capacity. It can be concluded that Tahini in the Iranian market is one of the most valuable foods in terms of antioxidant activity and total phenolic contents.
  

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Introduction:
Congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) is the most common congenital infection worldwide, often causing long-term disabilities such as sensorineural hearing loss and developmental delays. Despite its significant public health impact, awareness of cCMV among healthcare providers in developing countries, like Iran, remains notably low.
Methods:
This study builds on prior research highlighting a significant knowledge gap about cCMV among family physicians in Iran. A re-analysis of existing data was conducted to better understand these gaps and to identify where targeted educational interventions might be most effective. The study reassessed data using 11 out of 15 questionnaire questions to evaluate awareness of CMV, categorizing participants into three levels: weak, intermediate, and adequate awareness based on their knowledge of CMV and cCMV.
Results:
Results showed that while 41.9% of participants had adequate general knowledge of CMV, only 32.8% demonstrated adequate knowledge of cCMV, with 39.4% showing weak awareness. Notably, 42.1% of general practitioners displayed a weak understanding of cCMV, underscoring the need for improved education. In contrast, specialists had a higher awareness of general CMV but showed reduced knowledge about cCMV.
Conclusions:
The study recommends the integration of comprehensive educational programs into medical curricula and continuous professional development for both general practitioners and specialists. Addressing these knowledge gaps is critical to reducing the spread of cCMV and its associated social and economic burdens, ultimately improving public health outcomes.